科学小论文350字左右四年级( 三 )

A detection of the sea level fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet melt
格陵兰冰盖融化的海平面指纹探测
▲ 作者：SOPHIE COULSON, S?NKE DANGENDORF, JERRY X. MITROVICA et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo0926
▲ 摘要：
冰盖和冰川的快速融化对海平面产生了独特的地理学形态，或指纹。然而，由于在高纬度的观测较少，以及从信号中分离海洋动态变化的困难，对单个海平面指纹的检测一直具有挑战性。
我们利用雷达测高数据和附近冰川的模型重建估计的近期冰质量损失，预测了格陵兰冰盖（GrIS）融化的指纹，并将这一预测与一个独立的、基于测高得出的海面高度趋势进行了比较，该趋势修正了冰盖附近地区的海洋动态变化。
两个场之间的统计显著相关性（P < 0.001）提供了一个对我们的变暖世界中的近期GrIS融化的近场海平面指纹明确的观察性探测。
▲ Abstract：
Rapid melting of ice sheets and glaciers drives a unique geometry, or fingerprint, of sea level change. However, the detection of individual fingerprints has been challenging because of sparse observations at high latitudes and the difficulty of disentangling ocean dynamic variability from the signal. We predict the fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) melt using recent ice mass loss estimates from radar altimetry data and model reconstructions of nearby glaciers and compare this prediction to an independent, altimetry-derived sea surface height trend corrected for ocean dynamic variability in the region adjacent to the ice sheet. A statistically significant correlation between the two fields (P < 0.001) provides an unambiguous observational detection of the near-field sea level fingerprint of recent GrIS melting in our warming world.

Climate change drives rapid decadal acidification in the Arctic Ocean from 1994 to 2020
从1994年到2020年，气候变化推动了北冰洋的加速酸化
▲ 作者：DI QI, ZHANGXIAN OUYANG, LIQI CHEN et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo0383
▲ 摘要：
近几十年来，北冰洋经历了快速变暖和海冰消失，成为第一个经历广泛文石欠饱和的公海盆地[文石饱和状态（Ωarag）< 1] 。
然而，它的长期海洋酸化趋势和潜在机制仍然没有记录。在此，我们报告了北冰洋的快速酸化，其速率是其他海洋盆地的三到四倍，并将其归因于海冰覆盖在十年时间尺度上的变化。
海冰融化使海水暴露在大气中，促进了大气中二氧化碳的快速吸收，降低了其碱度和缓冲能力，从而导致pH值和文石饱和状态急剧下降。我们预测，未来pH值将进一步下降，特别是在海冰退缩严重的高纬度地区，而北极变暖可能抵消文石饱和状态的下降。
▲ Abstract：
The Arctic Ocean has experienced rapid warming and sea ice loss in recent decades, becoming the first open-ocean basin to experience widespread aragonite undersaturation [saturation state of aragonite (Ωarag) < 1]. However, its trend toward long-term ocean acidification and the underlying mechanisms remain undocumented. Here, we report rapid acidification there, with rates three to four times higher than in other ocean basins, and attribute it to changing sea ice coverage on a decadal time scale. Sea ice melt exposes seawater to the atmosphere and promotes rapid uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, lowering its alkalinity and buffer capacity and thus leading to sharp declines in pH and Ωarag. We predict a further decrease in pH, particularly at higher latitudes where sea ice retreat is active, whereas Arctic warming may counteract decreases in Ωarag in the future.

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