B. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late-80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
破折号中间是插入语，对前面进行补充说明；第二部分，at least... acquaintance也是插入语，来进一步补充说明，为前面讲的话留有余地 。
5．并列复合句
并列复合句是指并列连词连接了带从句的并列句 。如：
A. Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.
本句是由whereas连接的并列结构 。第一部分that引导的定语从句that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it修饰patterns of language change 。
B. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
本句是由but连接的并列句 。第二部分the message之后是that引导的同位语从句说明message的内容 。
6．倒装句
And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets— they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
第二句前半部分是倒装句，用以强调“Celebrate”，该句主语是the ads，谓语是commanded，最后是before引导的时间状语从句 。

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